refactor: Public types restructuring, part 1

[pan-kot]

Description

This PR lifts shared public types to the src/types folder - thus helping to make the separation between public and internal types clearer. In the follow-up PRs I will also remove all internal types from the public paths and establish a contract to be used by all component repositories (secured with ESLint rules).

Rel: D475262969, iu7zAZtdKN3Z

How has this been tested?

• Dry-run to live

Review checklist

The following items are to be evaluated by the author(s) and the reviewer(s).

Correctness

• Changes include appropriate documentation updates.
• Changes are backward-compatible if not indicated, see CONTRIBUTING.md.
• Changes do not include unsupported browser features, see CONTRIBUTING.md.
• Changes were manually tested for accessibility, see accessibility guidelines.

Security

• If the code handles URLs: all URLs are validated through the checkSafeUrl function.

Testing

• Changes are covered with new/existing unit tests?
• Changes are covered with new/existing integration tests?

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 97.51%. Comparing base (c212551) to head (b3ca2d9).
⚠️ Report is 3 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #4646   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   97.51%   97.51%           
=======================================
  Files         948      948           
  Lines       30353    30353           
  Branches    11066    11066           
=======================================
  Hits        29600    29600           
  Misses        746      746           
  Partials        7        7           

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