fix(firestore,windows): Prevents lost Windows transaction responses

[Lyokone]

Description

Firestore transactions on Windows could miss a Dart response when it arrived before the native thread began waiting, causing a timeout or crash. This uses a predicate-based synchronized response latch and adds native and integration regression coverage.

Related Issues

• Fixes [firebase_core]: <runTransaction throws an exception on Windows.> #13177

Checklist

• I read the Contributor Guide and followed the process outlined there for submitting PRs.
• My PR includes unit or integration tests for all changed/updated/fixed behaviors (See Contributor Guide).
• All existing and new tests are passing.
• I updated/added relevant documentation (doc comments with ///).
• The analyzer (melos run analyze) does not report any problems on my PR.
• I read and followed the Flutter Style Guide.
• I signed the CLA.
• I am willing to follow-up on review comments in a timely manner.

Breaking Change

• Yes, this is a breaking change.
• No, this is not a breaking change.

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